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Patomskiy crater
Patomskiy crater or Patom crater ((ロシア語:Патомский кратер), also known as "Kolpakov cone") is a peculiar rock formation located in a remote area in the Irkutsk region of southeastern Siberia, 360 km from the district center Bodaibo.〔(Article ) at mysouth.su〕 It is a large mound made of shattered limestone blocks, rising from dense taiga. Its base diameter is about 160 meters and a height of about 40 m; the cone's crown is ring-shaped, and in its center there is a smaller mound with a height of about 12 m. The volume of the crater is estimated as 230-250 thousand cubic meters, with a weight of about one million tons.
Patomskiy crater was discovered in 1949 by Russian geologist Vadim Kolpakov. Its origins have been subject of intense scientific interest, with hypotheses including meteorite, volcanic and gaseous origin, but to date no definite proof has been given. It is estimated to be only 300 to 350 years old.
==Theories of origin==
Until recently, some scientists believed that the crater present a large footprint of a ultra-dense meteorite, which had sunk underground upon the impact. Another hypothesis was that it is a fragment of the Tunguska meteorite. Others believed that the crater is a result of a breakthrough of a deep pocket of natural gas. Several scientific expeditions have been sent to the crater, but the nature of its origin remains a mystery.〔http://mysouth.su/2011/04/scientists-have-rejected-the-meteoritic-origin-patomskiy-crater-in-siberia/〕 Astronomers and geophysicists from the Irkutsk State Technical University, geochemists from the Institute of Geosphere Dynamics, RAS (Moscow), however, believe that the crater may still have a meteoric origin.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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